There are two basic types of backpacks available today. Internal framed and external framed. Each has distinct advantages and is suited for a particular use.

EXTERNAL-FRAME PACKS
The external-frame pack has the pack itself attached to a tubular aluminum frame which is in turn attached to the suspension system. The suspension system consists of a waist belt and shoulder harness. The external-frame pack is generally larger and will carry much larger/heavier loads. These packs generally have numerous pockets/pouches mounted on the external periphery of the pack itself. This makes for easy accessibility to specific items.

The external-frame packs large load-carrying capacity is also it's biggest shortcoming. It is awkward on anything but a well-defined trail.

When shopping for an external-frame pack, there are specific things to look for. The first and most important question is "How long will I be out there?" If you are going for a week on the John Muir Trail, you'll be wanting a large capacity pack. The second item of importance is how easy can you adjust the frame to your own particular body characteristics. Look for a pack that has numerous adjustments. Look for mesh back-bands....they are much cooler than the older style. Look also at the waist belt and be sure that it is contoured to fit your particular body. Are the shoulder straps fully adjustable? When you are carrying 40+ pounds for days at a time, you will want as much comfort as possible. Look for a pack that will carry the bulk of the weight on your hips. Don't be afraid to bend the frame if necessary to make it fit.

INTERNAL-FRAME PACKS
Internal-frame packs fill the needs of the climber/wilderness hiker. These packs have been designed to fit closer to the body, thereby allowing greater freedom of movement. Since they are generally narrower and shorter, they don't have the load carrying capacity of the external-frame packs. The newer models will carry a significantly larger load however.

Look for as many adjustment points as possible. Since the pack fits against the body, it is naturally hotter in the summer. I prefer the top loading style with a separate compartment for the sleeping bag in the bottom. Many of the newer styles have a zip-out divider that will allow you to have one large capacity bag. Look for compression straps on the side. These allow you to compress the loads significantly and keep the load close to the body. This is an important feature if you are climbing or hiking in very rugged terrain. Make sure that you have shoulder and hip stabilizers and a comfortable lumbar and/or posture pad. Added niceties are such things as removable side pouches, sunglass cases, D-rings, key-hooks and removable top pouches that double as fanny packs.

Most modern backpacks are constructed of a urethane-coated 8 to 11 ounce nylon packcloth. The zippers should be of a type that won't clog easily and will function well even in cold weather.

Prices will run from $100 to $400. Some of the finest backpacks in the world are manufactured by REI, Alpenlite, Lowe, Kelty, MEI, Mountainsmith, Jansport, Camptrails, Gregory, and The North Face. They can be purchased locally from REI, Adventure 16 or other outdoor outfitter.

When considering the acquisition of a backpack, do your homework first. Decide what type of camping you will be doing, look at what others are doing and above all, ask questions. Try the pack on and do as much adjusting as you can at home with a full load in the pack.

Start by packing your sleeping bag in the bottom of the pack. Heavy items go against your back, high for comfort while trail walking; low for good balance while hiking off-trail or climbing. Pack clothing around them so they don't shift around. Items you'll need during the day go on top or in locations that are readily accessible. Color coded stuff-sacks will help to organize single compartment packs. Odd sized items can be lashed to the exterior of the pack using accessory straps or by using the compression straps and wand pockets.

Even though the suspension system and components comprise the bulk of what makes a good pack, there's still a lot more to consider. A great pack does more than just hold your gear; it protects it, organizes it, makes it accessible and adapts to the size of your load. Regardless of the type, size or manufacturer, it is a very personal decision that you will make in selecting a backpack. Consider it carefully and decide on what is best for you.

Ron Blackwood is a Shidoshi with 10 years experience. He teaches in Irvine, California. His hobbies include technical rock climbing, scuba diving and competitive shooting. He is a avid backpacker and hiker. Ron can be contacted via E-mail at